Assimilation Ideology: Critically Examining Underlying Messages in Multicultural Literature
Corresponding Author
Bogum Yoon
Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Anne Simpson
Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Claudia Haag
Texas Woman's University
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bogum Yoon
Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Anne Simpson
Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Claudia Haag
Texas Woman's University
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
e-mail [email protected].
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Using the framework of multicultural education, this article presents an analysis of multicultural picture books that depict the features of assimilation ideology. The findings suggest that assimilationist ideas are presented through the main characters' identities in the resolution of the story and through the portrayal of a glorified dominant culture. These findings contribute to the literature by exploring the assumptions that multicultural texts are indeed “multicultural” and that they promote cultural pluralism. Additional criteria for selecting multicultural texts that critically examine underlying ideologies are included, as well as suggestions for promoting critical reading practices to support multicultural education.
REFERENCES
- Albright, L.K., & Ariail, M. (2005). Tapping the potential of teacher read-alouds in middle schools. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 48 (7), 582–591. doi:10.1598/JAAL.48.7.4.
- Anstey, M. (2002). “It's not all black and white”: Postmodern picture books and new literacies. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 45 (6), 444–458. doi:10.1598/JAAL.45.6.1.
- Banks, J. (2001). Cultural diversity and education: Foundations, curriculum, and teaching ( 4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
- Bishop, R.S. (1992). Multicultural literature for children: Making informed choices. In V.J. Harris (Ed.), Teaching multicultural literature in grades K-8 (pp. 37–53). Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon.
- Cai, M., & Bishop, R.S. (1994). Multicultural literature for children: Towards a clarification of a concept. In A.H. Dyson & C. Genishi (Eds.), The need for story: Cultural diversity in classroom and community (pp. 57–71). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
- Comber, B., Thomson, P., & Wells, M. (2001). Critical literacy finds a “place”: Writing and social action in a low-income Australian grade 2/3 classroom. The Elementary School Journal, 101 (4), 451–464. doi:10.1086/499681.
-
Costello, B., &
Kolodziej, N.J. (2006). A middle school teacher's guide for selecting picture books.
Middle School Journal, 38 (1), 27–33.
10.1080/00940771.2006.11461562 Google Scholar
- Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. New York: Longman.
- D.L. Fox, & K.G. Short (Eds.). (2003). Stories matter: The complexity of cultural authenticity in children's literature. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
- Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed ( M.B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Seabury.
- Gates, P.S., & Mark, D.L.H. (2006). Cultural journeys: Multicultural literature for children and young adults. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.
- Gorski, P.C. (2009). What we're teaching teachers: An analysis of multicultural teacher education coursework syllabi. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25 (2), 309–318. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.008.
- Grant, C.A., & Sleeter, C.E. (2009). Turning on learning: Five approaches for multicultural teaching plans for race, class, gender and disability ( 5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
- Harris, V.J. (1997). Using multiethnic literature in the K-8 classroom. Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon.
- G. Hawisher, & A.O. Soter (Eds.). (1990). On literacy and its teaching: Issues in English education. Albany: State University of New York Press.
-
Hunt, P. (1992). Literature for children: Contemporary criticism. New York: Routledge.
10.4324/9780203167878 Google Scholar
-
Jenks, C.,
Lee, J.O., &
Kanpol, B. (2001). Approaches to multicultural education in preservice teacher education: Philosophical frameworks and models for teaching.
The Urban Review, 33 (2), 87–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010389023211.
10.1023/A:1010389023211 Google Scholar
- Louie, B.Y. (2006). Guiding principles for teaching multicultural literature. The Reading Teacher, 59 (5), 438–448. doi:10.1598/RT.59.5.3.
- Luke, A. (2000). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 43 (5), 448–461.
- McLauren, P.L. (1995). White terror and oppositional agency: Towards a critical multiculturalism. In C.E. Sleeter & P.L. McLaren (Eds.), Multicultural education, critical pedagogy, and the politics of difference (pp. 33–70). Albany: State University of New York Press.
- McNair, J.C. (2008). A comparative analysis of The Brownies' Book and contemporary African American children's literature written by Patricia C. McKissack. In W.M. Brooks & J.C. McNair (Eds.), Embracing, evaluating and examining African American children's and young adult literature (pp. 3–29). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.
- Mo, W., & Shen, W. (1997). Reexamining the issue of authenticity in picture books. Children's Literature in Education, 28 (2), 85–103. doi:10.1023/A:1025023913965.
- Montero, M.K., & Robertson, J.M. (2006). “Teachers can't teach what they don't know”: Teaching teachers about international and global children's literature to facilitate culturally responsive pedagogy. Journal of Children's Literature, 32 (2), 27–35.
- Moreillon, J. (2003). The candle and the mirror: One author's journey as an outsider. In D.L. Fox & K.G. Short (Eds.), Stories matter: The complexity of cultural authenticity in children's literature (pp. 61–77). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
- Nieto, S., & Bode, P. (2008). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education ( 5th ed.). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
- Short, K., & Fox, D.L. (2003). The complexity of cultural authenticity in children's literature: A critical review. In J. Worthy, B. Maloch, J.V. Hoffman, D.L. Schallert, & C.M. Fairbanks (Eds.), 53rd yearbook of the National Reading Conference (pp. 373–384). Oak Creek, WI: National Reading Conference.
- Sims, R. (1982). Shadow and substance: Afro-American experience in contemporary children's fiction. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
-
Stevens, L.P., &
Bean, T.W. (2007). Critical literacy: Context, research, and practice in the K-12 classroom. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10.4135/9781452204062 Google Scholar
- Taxel, J. (2003). Multicultural literature and the politics of reaction. In D.L. Fox & K.G. Short (Eds.), Stories matter: The complexity of cultural authenticity in children's literature (pp. 143–164). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
LITERATURE CITED
- Bunting, E. (1999) A picnic in October. Orlando, FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Bunting, E. (2006). One green apple. New York: Clarion.
- Recorvits, H. (2003). My name is Yoon. New York: Frances Foster.
- Yoo, P. (2005). Sixteen years in sixteen seconds: The Sammy Lee story. New York: Lee & Low.